{"id":10646,"date":"2016-04-06T09:09:11","date_gmt":"2016-04-06T16:09:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/?p=10646"},"modified":"2016-04-06T09:09:11","modified_gmt":"2016-04-06T16:09:11","slug":"ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/","title":{"rendered":"Ski town greenhouse takes local produce to another level &#8211; from the New York Times"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_10648\" style=\"width: 485px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/27PROTO1-master675.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10648\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10648\" src=\"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/27PROTO1-master675.jpg\" alt=\"A vertical greenhouse in Jackson, Wyoming\" width=\"475\" height=\"353\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-10648\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vertical greenhouse in Jackson, Wyoming<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>By Claire Martin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><script src=\"&quot;https:\/\/tpc.googlesyndication.com\/safeframe\/1-0-2\/js\/ext.js&quot;\"><\/script>The Wyoming soil, iced over for eight months of the year, is not particularly hospitable to heirloom tomatoes, baby basil or lettuce plants. Instead, vegetables are trucked in from California, Mexico and other more fecund parts of the world. Yet starting this spring, <a href=\"http:\/\/verticalharvestjackson.com\/\">Vertical Harvest<\/a>, a farm in the resort town of Jackson, will begin churning out a projected 100,000 pounds of fresh produce a year. Vertical Harvest uses hydroponic farming methods inside a three-story greenhouse on a 4,500-square-foot downtown lot. It is engaging in a relatively new practice called vertical farming. The company employs 15 people who have conditions such as Down syndrome, autism, seizure disorders and spina bifida; they share 140 hours of work a week under a customized employment model. Vertical Harvest is a public-private partnership with the town of Jackson and it uses a low-profit business model, which means its investors will see a modest profit and it won\u2019t come quickly.<script src=\"&quot;https:\/\/tpc.googlesyndication.com\/safeframe\/1-0-2\/js\/ext.js&quot;\"><\/script><\/p>\n<article class=\"&quot;story&quot;\">\n<div class=\"&quot;thumb&quot;\"><!-- main image --><\/div>\n<div class=\"&quot;thumb&quot;\">\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"117\" data-total-count=\"1086\">\u201cWe\u2019ve been calling it patient capital,\u201d says Penny McBride, a company founder and its chief operating officer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"317\" data-total-count=\"1403\">The farm began growing tomatoes in December and lettuce and herbs in February. By early May, Vertical Harvest\u2019s greenhouse will be fully planted and producing greens. It will distribute them to restaurants and sell them at local grocery stores and in a retail market, inside the greenhouse, which opened this month.<\/p>\n<p id=\"story-continues-1\" class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"440\" data-total-count=\"1843\">The idea for Vertical Harvest came roughly eight years ago, around the time Ms. McBride and Nona Yehia met at a party in Jackson. Ms. McBride was a consultant working on a food-waste study and a commercial composting start-up, among other projects, and Ms. Yehia was an architect at the local firm E\/Ye Architects who had recently designed a public rock climbing park and a private greenhouse that could withstand the harsh Wyoming winters.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"227\" data-total-count=\"2070\">The women were aware of the rising demand for high-quality, locally grown produce. Spurred by the organic and farm-to-table culinary movements, droves of professional chefs and home cooks had begun searching out better produce.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"227\" data-total-count=\"2070\">Farmers\u2019 markets have responded to the challenge of meeting the need. Their numbers increased by 180 percent from 2006 to 2014, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/media\/1763057\/ap068.pdf\">according to a government report<\/a>. But they can\u2019t do it all. Vertical farms are helping fill the produce gaps, according to Dickson Despommier, author of the book \u201cThe Vertical Farm: Feeding the World in the 21st Century.\u201d He said there were 30 such farms in the United States and hundreds more worldwide. Japan, with 160, leads the field.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"103\" data-total-count=\"2647\">\u201cI don\u2019t know any commercial vertical farms that are not in expansion mode,\u201d Mr. Despommier said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"411\" data-total-count=\"3058\">Vertical Harvest stands out for its relatively small size. The two largest vertical farms in the United States are <a href=\"http:\/\/www.greensensefarms.com\/\">Green Sense Farms<\/a>, a 30,000-square-foot hydroponic operation in Portage, Ind., and AeroFarms, an aeroponic greenhouse in Newark whose footprint is a whopping 69,000 square feet. In aeroponic farming, the plants\u2019 roots are exposed to the air, instead of water, as they are in hydroponic farming.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"287\" data-total-count=\"3345\">Mr. Despommier said that demand for produce cultivated in vertical farms was also growing because of the desires to create self-sufficient food sources without relying on imports and to ensure <a class=\"meta-classifier\" title=\"More articles about food safety.\" href=\"http:\/\/topics.nytimes.com\/top\/reference\/timestopics\/subjects\/f\/food_safety\/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier\">food safety<\/a>. The market is so strong that the vegetables practically sell themselves, he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"85\" data-total-count=\"3430\">\u201cIf you don\u2019t make money, it\u2019s because you don\u2019t know how to add,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"319\" data-total-count=\"3749\">But initially, Vertical Harvest wasn\u2019t an easy sell to some Jackson residents. When Ms. Yehia and Ms. McBride first pitched their idea to the town, which owns the land and the building that Vertical Harvest occupies, they were competing against other proposals. These included a dog park and affordable housing units.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"235\" data-total-count=\"3984\">We had to prove it was a feasible idea that would have enough community impact for the town to essentially lease us the land for free,\u201d said Ms. Yehia, the company\u2019s chief executive. (Vertical Harvest pays $100 a month in rent.)<\/p>\n<p id=\"story-continues-4\" class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"235\" data-total-count=\"4219\">Once their proposal beat the others, the women were required to make their business plan public. And when they needed approvals along the way for things like the lease agreement, they had to make presentations at Town Council meetings.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"79\" data-total-count=\"4298\">\u201cAt every step of the process we checked in with the town,\u201d Ms. Yehia said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"284\" data-total-count=\"4582\">At first Ms. Yehia and Ms. McBride planned to fund the project exclusively with grant money. But their costs kept rising because of unforeseen complications connected to the vertical nature of the greenhouse. They realized they would need to hire a structural engineer, for one thing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"284\" data-total-count=\"4582\">As soon as you go up, you start having different considerations in terms of the seismic code and the life safety code,\u201d Ms. Yehia said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"181\" data-total-count=\"4903\">Construction costs also rose. \u201cOur greenhouse manufacturers hadn\u2019t dealt with a vertical greenhouse before, so their original estimates in some cases doubled,\u201d Ms. Yehia said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"105\" data-total-count=\"5008\">She and Ms. McBride began raising money, eventually taking in $3.8 million in public and private funding.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"262\" data-total-count=\"5270\">Among the company\u2019s detractors was Ed Cheramy, a retired businessman who served as vice president of the Jackson branch of the Tea Party. His objections involved the objectives of his organization: free markets, and limited and fiscally responsible government.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"231\" data-total-count=\"5501\">\u201cShould government be investing money or spending money to do a speculative venture like this?\u201d he said he asked at the time. \u201cShould the government be sponsoring an organization that would compete with the private sector?\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"376\" data-total-count=\"5877\">Mr. Cheramy said he stood up at a Town Council meeting in which Ms. Yehia\u2019s and Ms. McBride\u2019s proposal was being discussed and \u201ccomplained about them and pointed out all of what I thought to be inadequacies of their business plan.\u201d Afterward, the two women asked to meet with him to talk about his concerns \u2014 a move that he said surprised him. But he agreed to talk.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"376\" data-total-count=\"5877\">They met weekly for several months to work through the business plan. Mr. Cheramy said he quickly understood that Vertical Harvest would not be competing with any local businesses, and he was impressed that Ms. Yehia and Ms. McBride had already secured a revenue stream. They had sold 95 percent of their projected crop output to restaurants and grocery stores and would set aside 5 percent to sell in their retail store.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"109\" data-total-count=\"6407\">Of their willingness to hear their opponents\u2019 concerns, Ms. Yehia said, \u201cWe have extremely thick skin.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"427\" data-total-count=\"6834\">Eventually, Mr. Cheramy found he had no choice but to support the project. \u201cWhen you strip away all of your objections, and they\u2019d done all that, then what you\u2019re left with is support,\u201d he said. He added that he testified on behalf of Vertical Harvest at the Jackson Town Council, and at the Wyoming Business Council and the Wyoming State Loan and Investment Board, which together gave the project a $1.5 million grant.<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"224\" data-total-count=\"7058\" data-node-uid=\"1\">\u201cThere\u2019s a whole bunch of wonderful aspects of it,\u201d Mr. Cheramy said, noting Vertical Harvest\u2019s tall and narrow greenhouse design and its hiring of people with disabilities. \u201cBut it also makes good fiscal sense.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"224\" data-total-count=\"7058\" data-node-uid=\"1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/03\/27\/business\/a-ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level.html?rref=collection\/timestopic\/Agriculture%20and%20Farming&amp;action=click&amp;contentCollection=timestopics&amp;region=stream&amp;module=stream_unit&amp;version=latest&amp;contentPlacement=3&amp;pgtype=collection\">Link to article<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<p class=\"story-body-text story-content\" data-para-count=\"384\" data-total-count=\"969\"><script type=\"&quot;text\/javascript&quot;\">\/\/ <![CDATA[\n(function(){var h=this,aa=function(a){var b=typeof a;if(&quot;object&quot;==b)if(a){if(a instanceof Array)return&quot;array&quot;;if(a instanceof Object)return b;var c=Object.prototype.toString.call(a);if(&quot;[object Window]&quot;==c)return&quot;object&quot;;if(&quot;[object Array]&quot;==c||&quot;number&quot;==typeof a.length&amp;&amp;&quot;undefined&quot;!=typeof a.splice&amp;&amp;&quot;undefined&quot;!=typeof a.propertyIsEnumerable&amp;&amp;!a.propertyIsEnumerable(&quot;splice&quot;))return&quot;array&quot;;if(&quot;[object Function]&quot;==c||&quot;undefined&quot;!=typeof a.call&amp;&amp;&quot;undefined&quot;!=typeof a.propertyIsEnumerable&amp;&amp;!a.propertyIsEnumerable(&quot;call&quot;))return&quot;function&quot;}else return&quot;null&quot;;else if(&quot;function&quot;==b&amp;&amp;&quot;undefined&quot;==typeof a.call)return&quot;object&quot;;return b},k=function(a){return&quot;string&quot;==typeof a},ba=function(a,b){var c=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);return function(){var b=c.slice();b.push.apply(b,arguments);return a.apply(this,b)}},m=Date.now||function(){return+new Date},n=function(a,b){var c=a.split(&quot;.&quot;),d=h;c[0]in d||!d.execScript||d.execScript(&quot;var &quot;+c[0]);for(var e;c.length&amp;&amp;(e=c.shift());)c.length||void 0===b?d=d[e]?d[e]:d[e]={}:d[e]=b};var ca=function(a,b,c,d,e){if(e)c=a+(&quot;&amp;&quot;+b+&quot;=&quot;+c);else{var f=&quot;&amp;&quot;+b+&quot;=&quot;,g=a.indexOf(f);0>g?c=a+f+c:(g+=f.length,f=a.indexOf(&quot;&amp;&quot;,g),c=0<=f?a.substring(0,g)+c+a.substring(f):a.substring(0,g)+c)}return 2E3<c.length?void 0!==d?ca(a,b,d,void 0,e):a:c};var da=function(){var a=\/[&amp;\\?]exk=([^&amp; ]+)\/.exec(q.location.href);return a&amp;&amp;2==a.length?a[1]:null};var r=function(a,b){this.width=a;this.height=b};r.prototype.clone=function(){return new r(this.width,this.height)};r.prototype.ceil=function(){this.width=Math.ceil(this.width);this.height=Math.ceil(this.height);return this};r.prototype.floor=function(){this.width=Math.floor(this.width);this.height=Math.floor(this.height);return this};r.prototype.round=function(){this.width=Math.round(this.width);this.height=Math.round(this.height);return this};r.prototype.scale=function(a,b){this.width*=a;this.height*=&quot;number&quot;==typeof b?b:a;return this};var ea=function(a,b){for(var c in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,c)&amp;&amp;b.call(void 0,a[c],c,a)},ga=function(){var a=fa;if(!a)return&quot;&quot;;var b=\/.*[&amp;#?]google_debug(=[^&amp;]*)?(&amp;.*)?$\/;try{var c=b.exec(decodeURIComponent(a));if(c)return c[1]&amp;&amp;1<c[1].length?c[1].substring(1):&quot;true&quot;}catch(d){}return&quot;&quot;};var ha=function(a,b,c,d){a.addEventListener?a.addEventListener(b,c,d||!1):a.attachEvent&amp;&amp;a.attachEvent(&quot;on&quot;+b,c)};var ia=function(a,b){var c=[];ea(a,function(a,e){var f=null,g=typeof a;if((&quot;object&quot;==g&amp;&amp;null!=a||&quot;function&quot;==g)&amp;&amp;2>b)f=ia(a,b+1);else if(0===a||a)f=String(a);f&amp;&amp;c.push(e+&quot;=&quot;+encodeURIComponent(f))});return c.join(&quot;&amp;&quot;)},t=function(a,b,c){a.google_image_requests||(a.google_image_requests=[]);var d=a.document.createElement(&quot;img&quot;);if(c){var e=function(a){c(a);a=e;d.removeEventListener?d.removeEventListener(&quot;load&quot;,a,!1):d.detachEvent&amp;&amp;d.detachEvent(&quot;onload&quot;,a);a=e;d.removeEventListener?d.removeEventListener(&quot;error&quot;,a,!1):d.detachEvent&amp;&amp;d.detachEvent(&quot;onerror&quot;,a)};ha(d,&quot;load&quot;,e);ha(d,&quot;error&quot;,e)}d.src=b;a.google_image_requests.push(d)};var ja=function(a,b,c){this.w=a;this.v=b;this.c=c;this.f=null;this.u=this.g;this.B=!1},ka=function(a,b,c){this.message=a;this.fileName=b||&quot;&quot;;this.lineNumber=c||-1},ma=function(a,b,c){var d;try{d=c()}catch(g){var e=a.c;try{var f=la(g),e=a.u.call(a,b,f,void 0,void 0)}catch(l){a.g(&quot;pAR&quot;,l)}if(!e)throw g;}finally{}return d},u=function(a,b){var c=na;return function(){for(var d=[],e=0;e<arguments.length;++e)d[e]=arguments[e];return ma(c,a,function(){return b.apply(void 0,d)})}};ja.prototype.g=function(a,b,c,d,e){var f={};f.context=a;b instanceof ka||(b=la(b));f.msg=b.message.substring(0,512);b.fileName&amp;&amp;(f.file=b.fileName);0<b.lineNumber&amp;&amp;(f.line=b.lineNumber.toString());a=h.document;f.url=a.URL.substring(0,512);f.ref=(a.referrer||&quot;&quot;).substring(0,512);if(this.f)try{this.f(f)}catch(l){}if(d)try{d(f)}catch(l){}d=this.w;try{if((this.B?d.A:Math.random())<(c||d.s)){var g=d.o+(e||this.v)+(&quot;&amp;&quot;+ia(f,1)),g=g.substring(0,2E3);t(h,g)}}catch(l){}return this.c};var la=function(a){var b=a.toString();a.name&amp;&amp;-1==b.indexOf(a.name)&amp;&amp;(b+=&quot;: &quot;+a.name);a.message&amp;&amp;-1==b.indexOf(a.message)&amp;&amp;(b+=&quot;: &quot;+a.message);if(a.stack){var c=a.stack,d=b;try{-1==c.indexOf(d)&amp;&amp;(c=d+&quot;\\n&quot;+c);for(var e;c!=e;)e=c,c=c.replace(\/((https?:\\\/..*\\\/)[^\\\/:]*:\\d+(?:.|\\n)*)\\2\/,&quot;$1&quot;);b=c.replace(\/\\n *\/g,&quot;\\n&quot;)}catch(f){b=d}}return new ka(b,a.fileName,a.lineNumber)};var oa=String.prototype.trim?function(a){return a.trim()}:function(a){return a.replace(\/^[\\s\\u00a0]+|[\\s\\u00a0]+$\/g,&quot;&quot;)},qa=function(a,b){for(var c=0,d=oa(String(a)).split(&quot;.&quot;),e=oa(String(b)).split(&quot;.&quot;),f=Math.max(d.length,e.length),g=0;0==c&amp;&amp;g<f;g++){var l=d[g]||&quot;&quot;,p=e[g]||&quot;&quot;,w=RegExp(&quot;(\\\\d*)(\\\\D*)&quot;,&quot;g&quot;),yb=RegExp(&quot;(\\\\d*)(\\\\D*)&quot;,&quot;g&quot;);do{var K=w.exec(l)||[&quot;&quot;,&quot;&quot;,&quot;&quot;],L=yb.exec(p)||[&quot;&quot;,&quot;&quot;,&quot;&quot;];if(0==K[0].length&amp;&amp;0==L[0].length)break;c=pa(0==K[1].length?0:parseInt(K[1],10),0==L[1].length?0:parseInt(L[1],10))||pa(0==K[2].length,0==L[2].length)||pa(K[2],L[2])}while(0==c)}return c},pa=function(a,b){return a<b?-1:a>b?1:0};var ra=Array.prototype.indexOf?function(a,b,c){return Array.prototype.indexOf.call(a,b,c)}:function(a,b,c){c=null==c?0:0>c?Math.max(0,a.length+c):c;if(k(a))return k(b)&amp;&amp;1==b.length?a.indexOf(b,c):-1;for(;c<a.length;c++)if(c in a&amp;&amp;a[c]===b)return c;return-1},sa=Array.prototype.forEach?function(a,b,c){Array.prototype.forEach.call(a,b,c)}:function(a,b,c){for(var d=a.length,e=k(a)?a.split(&quot;&quot;):a,f=0;f<d;f++)f in e&amp;&amp;b.call(c,e[f],f,a)},ta=Array.prototype.map?function(a,b,c){return Array.prototype.map.call(a,b,c)}:function(a,b,c){for(var d=a.length,e=Array(d),f=k(a)?a.split(&quot;&quot;):a,g=0;g<d;g++)g in f&amp;&amp;(e[g]=b.call(c,f[g],g,a));return e};var ua=function(a,b){for(var c in a)b.call(void 0,a[c],c,a)},va=function(a,b){return null!==a&amp;&amp;b in a};var v;a:{var wa=h.navigator;if(wa){var xa=wa.userAgent;if(xa){v=xa;break a}}v=&quot;&quot;}var x=function(a){return-1!=v.indexOf(a)},ya=function(a){for(var b=RegExp(&quot;(\\\\w[\\\\w ]+)\/([^\\\\s]+)\\\\s*(?:\\\\((.*?)\\\\))?&quot;,&quot;g&quot;),c=[],d;d=b.exec(a);)c.push([d[1],d[2],d[3]||void 0]);return c};var y=function(){return x(&quot;Opera&quot;)||x(&quot;OPR&quot;)},za=function(){return x(&quot;Trident&quot;)||x(&quot;MSIE&quot;)},z=function(){return(x(&quot;Chrome&quot;)||x(&quot;CriOS&quot;))&amp;&amp;!y()&amp;&amp;!x(&quot;Edge&quot;)},Ba=function(){function a(a){var b;a:{b=d;for(var g=a.length,l=k(a)?a.split(&quot;&quot;):a,p=0;p<g;p++)if(p in l&amp;&amp;b.call(void 0,l[p],p,a)){b=p;break a}b=-1}return c[0>b?null:k(a)?a.charAt(b):a[b]]||&quot;&quot;}var b=v;if(za())return Aa(b);var b=ya(b),c={};sa(b,function(a){c[a[0]]=a[1]});var d=ba(va,c);return y()?a([&quot;Version&quot;,&quot;Opera&quot;,&quot;OPR&quot;]):x(&quot;Edge&quot;)?a([&quot;Edge&quot;]):z()?a([&quot;Chrome&quot;,&quot;CriOS&quot;]):(b=b[2])&amp;&amp;b[1]||&quot;&quot;},Aa=function(a){var b=\/rv: *([\\d\\.]*)\/.exec(a);if(b&amp;&amp;b[1])return b[1];var b=&quot;&quot;,c=\/MSIE +([\\d\\.]+)\/.exec(a);if(c&amp;&amp;c[1])if(a=\/Trident\\\/(\\d.\\d)\/.exec(a),&quot;7.0&quot;==c[1])if(a&amp;&amp;a[1])switch(a[1]){case &quot;4.0&quot;:b=&quot;8.0&quot;;break;case &quot;5.0&quot;:b=&quot;9.0&quot;;break;case &quot;6.0&quot;:b=&quot;10.0&quot;;break;case &quot;7.0&quot;:b=&quot;11.0&quot;}else b=&quot;7.0&quot;;else b=c[1];return b};var Ca=function(){return x(&quot;iPhone&quot;)&amp;&amp;!x(&quot;iPod&quot;)&amp;&amp;!x(&quot;iPad&quot;)};var Da=y(),A=za(),Ea=x(&quot;Edge&quot;),B=x(&quot;Gecko&quot;)&amp;&amp;!(-1!=v.toLowerCase().indexOf(&quot;webkit&quot;)&amp;&amp;!x(&quot;Edge&quot;))&amp;&amp;!(x(&quot;Trident&quot;)||x(&quot;MSIE&quot;))&amp;&amp;!x(&quot;Edge&quot;),Fa=-1!=v.toLowerCase().indexOf(&quot;webkit&quot;)&amp;&amp;!x(&quot;Edge&quot;),Ga=function(){var a=h.document;return a?a.documentMode:void 0},Ha;a:{var Ia=&quot;&quot;,Ja=function(){var a=v;if(B)return\/rv\\:([^\\);]+)(\\)|;)\/.exec(a);if(Ea)return\/Edge\\\/([\\d\\.]+)\/.exec(a);if(A)return\/\\b(?:MSIE|rv)[: ]([^\\);]+)(\\)|;)\/.exec(a);if(Fa)return\/WebKit\\\/(\\S+)\/.exec(a);if(Da)return\/(?:Version)[ \\\/]?(\\S+)\/.exec(a)}();Ja&amp;&amp;(Ia=Ja?Ja[1]:&quot;&quot;);if(A){var Ka=Ga();if(null!=Ka&amp;&amp;Ka>parseFloat(Ia)){Ha=String(Ka);break a}}Ha=Ia}var La=Ha,Ma={},C=function(a){return Ma[a]||(Ma[a]=0<=qa(La,a))},Na=h.document,Oa=Na&amp;&amp;A?Ga()||(&quot;CSS1Compat&quot;==Na.compatMode?parseInt(La,10):5):void 0;!B&amp;&amp;!A||A&amp;&amp;9<=Number(Oa)||B&amp;&amp;C(&quot;1.9.1&quot;);A&amp;&amp;C(&quot;9&quot;);var D=document,q=window;var E=null,Pa=function(){if(!D.body)return!1;if(!E){var a=D.createElement(&quot;iframe&quot;);a.style.display=&quot;none&quot;;a.id=&quot;anonIframe&quot;;E=a;D.body.appendChild(a)}return!0};var na;na=new ja(new function(){this.o=&quot;http&quot;+(&quot;http:&quot;===q.location.protocol?&quot;&quot;:&quot;s&quot;)+&quot;:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/gen_204?id=&quot;;this.s=.01;this.A=Math.random()},&quot;jserror&quot;,!0);var F=function(a,b){return u(a,b)};A&amp;&amp;C(&quot;9&quot;);!Fa||C(&quot;528&quot;);B&amp;&amp;C(&quot;1.9b&quot;)||A&amp;&amp;C(&quot;8&quot;)||Da&amp;&amp;C(&quot;9.5&quot;)||Fa&amp;&amp;C(&quot;528&quot;);B&amp;&amp;!C(&quot;8&quot;)||A&amp;&amp;C(&quot;9&quot;);var Qa=function(a,b,c){if(&quot;array&quot;==aa(b))for(var d=0;d<b.length;d++)Qa(a,String(b[d]),c);else null!=b&amp;&amp;c.push(&quot;&amp;&quot;,a,&quot;&quot;===b?&quot;&quot;:&quot;=&quot;,encodeURIComponent(String(b)))},Ra=function(a,b,c){for(c=c||0;c<b.length;c+=2)Qa(b[c],b[c+1],a);return a},Sa=function(a,b){var c=2==arguments.length?Ra([a],arguments[1],0):Ra([a],arguments,1);if(c[1]){var d=c[0],e=d.indexOf(&quot;#&quot;);0<=e&amp;&amp;(c.push(d.substr(e)),c[0]=d=d.substr(0,e));e=d.indexOf(&quot;?&quot;);0>e?c[1]=&quot;?&quot;:e==d.length-1&amp;&amp;(c[1]=void 0)}return c.join(&quot;&quot;)};var Ta=0,G={},Va=function(a){var b=G.imageLoadingEnabled;if(null!=b)a(b);else{var c=!1;Ua(function(b,e){delete G[e];c||(c=!0,null!=G.imageLoadingEnabled||(G.imageLoadingEnabled=b),a(b))})}},Ua=function(a){var b=new Image,c,d=&quot;&quot;+Ta++;G[d]=b;b.onload=function(){clearTimeout(c);a(!0,d)};c=setTimeout(function(){a(!1,d)},300);b.src=&quot;data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP\/\/\/wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==&quot;},Wa=function(a){if(a){var b=document.createElement(&quot;OBJECT&quot;);b.data=a;b.width=1;b.height=1;b.style.visibility=&quot;hidden&quot;;var c=&quot;&quot;+Ta++;G[c]=b;b.onload=b.onerror=function(){delete G[c]};document.body.appendChild(b)}},Xa=function(a){if(a){var b=new Image,c=&quot;&quot;+Ta++;G[c]=b;b.onload=b.onerror=function(){delete G[c]};b.src=a}},Ya=function(a){a&amp;&amp;Va(function(b){b?Xa(a):Wa(a)})};var Za={m:&quot;ud=1&quot;,l:&quot;ts=0&quot;,C:&quot;sc=1&quot;,i:&quot;gz=1&quot;,j:&quot;op=1&quot;,h:&quot;co=1&quot;};if(D&amp;&amp;D.URL){var fa=D.URL,$a=!(fa&amp;&amp;0<ga().length);na.c=$a}var H=function(a,b,c,d){ha(a,b,u(d||&quot;osd_or_lidar::&quot;+b,c),void 0)},ab=function(a,b,c){if(!(0>=b)){var d=0,e=function(){a();d++;d<b&amp;&amp;q.setTimeout(u(c,e),100)};e()}};var I=function(a,b){this.b=a||0;this.a=b||&quot;&quot;},J=function(a,b){a.b&amp;&amp;(b[4]=a.b);a.a&amp;&amp;(b[12]=a.a)};I.prototype.match=function(a){return(this.b||this.a)&amp;&amp;(a.b||a.a)?this.a||a.a?this.a==a.a:this.b||a.b?this.b==a.b:!1:!1};I.prototype.toString=function(){var a=&quot;&quot;+this.b;this.a&amp;&amp;(a+=&quot;-&quot;+this.a);return a};var bb=function(){var a=M,b=[];a.b&amp;&amp;b.push(&quot;adk=&quot;+a.b);a.a&amp;&amp;b.push(&quot;exk=&quot;+a.a);return b},N=function(a){var b=[];ua(a,function(a,d){var e=encodeURIComponent(d),f=a;k(f)&amp;&amp;(f=encodeURIComponent(f));b.push(e+&quot;=&quot;+f)});return b.join(&quot;\\n&quot;)},O=0,cb=0,db=function(a,b){var c=0,d=q;try{if(d&amp;&amp;d.Goog_AdSense_getAdAdapterInstance)return d}catch(f){}var e=d.location&amp;&amp;d.location.ancestorOrigins;if(void 0!==e&amp;&amp;b&amp;&amp;(!e||!e.length))return null;for(;d&amp;&amp;5>c;){try{if(d.google_osd_static_frame)return d}catch(f){}try{if(d.aswift_0&amp;&amp;(!a||d.aswift_0.google_osd_static_frame))return d.aswift_0}catch(f){}c++;d=d!=d.parent?d.parent:null}return null},eb=function(a,b,c,d,e,f){if(10<cb)q.clearInterval(O);else if(++cb,q.postMessage&amp;&amp;(b.b||b.a)&amp;&amp;(f=db(!0,f))){var g={};J(b,g);g[0]=&quot;goog_request_monitoring&quot;;g[6]=a;g[16]=c;d&amp;&amp;d.length&amp;&amp;(g[17]=d.join(&quot;,&quot;));e&amp;&amp;(g[19]=e);try{var l=N(g);f.postMessage(l,&quot;*&quot;)}catch(p){}}},fb=function(a){var b=db(!1),c=!b;!b&amp;&amp;q&amp;&amp;(b=q.parent);if(b&amp;&amp;b.postMessage)try{b.postMessage(a,&quot;*&quot;),c&amp;&amp;q.postMessage(a,&quot;*&quot;)}catch(d){}};var P=!1,Q=function(a){if(a=a.match(\/[\\d]+\/g))a.length=3};(function(){if(navigator.plugins&amp;&amp;navigator.plugins.length){var a=navigator.plugins[&quot;Shockwave Flash&quot;];if(a&amp;&amp;(P=!0,a.description)){Q(a.description);return}if(navigator.plugins[&quot;Shockwave Flash 2.0&quot;]){P=!0;return}}if(navigator.mimeTypes&amp;&amp;navigator.mimeTypes.length&amp;&amp;(a=navigator.mimeTypes[&quot;application\/x-shockwave-flash&quot;],P=!!a&amp;&amp;a.enabledPlugin)){Q(a.enabledPlugin.description);return}try{var b=new ActiveXObject(&quot;ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.7&quot;);P=!0;Q(b.GetVariable(&quot;$version&quot;));return}catch(c){}try{b=new ActiveXObject(&quot;ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.6&quot;);P=!0;return}catch(c){}try{b=new ActiveXObject(&quot;ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash&quot;),P=!0,Q(b.GetVariable(&quot;$version&quot;))}catch(c){}})();var gb=x(&quot;Firefox&quot;),hb=Ca()||x(&quot;iPod&quot;),ib=x(&quot;iPad&quot;),jb=x(&quot;Android&quot;)&amp;&amp;!(z()||x(&quot;Firefox&quot;)||y()||x(&quot;Silk&quot;)),kb=z(),lb=x(&quot;Safari&quot;)&amp;&amp;!(z()||x(&quot;Coast&quot;)||y()||x(&quot;Edge&quot;)||x(&quot;Silk&quot;)||x(&quot;Android&quot;))&amp;&amp;!(Ca()||x(&quot;iPad&quot;)||x(&quot;iPod&quot;));var R=function(a){return(a=a.exec(v))?a[1]:&quot;&quot;};(function(){if(gb)return R(\/Firefox\\\/([0-9.]+)\/);if(A||Ea||Da)return La;if(kb)return R(\/Chrome\\\/([0-9.]+)\/);if(lb&amp;&amp;!(Ca()||x(&quot;iPad&quot;)||x(&quot;iPod&quot;)))return R(\/Version\\\/([0-9.]+)\/);if(hb||ib){var a=\/Version\\\/(\\S+).*Mobile\\\/(\\S+)\/.exec(v);if(a)return a[1]+&quot;.&quot;+a[2]}else if(jb)return(a=R(\/Android\\s+([0-9.]+)\/))?a:R(\/Version\\\/([0-9.]+)\/);return&quot;&quot;})();var nb=function(){var a=q.parent&amp;&amp;q.parent!=q,b=a&amp;&amp;0<=&quot;\/\/tpc.googlesyndication.com&quot;.indexOf(q.location.host);if(a&amp;&amp;q.name&amp;&amp;0==q.name.indexOf(&quot;google_ads_iframe&quot;)||b){var c;a=q||q;try{var d;if(a.document&amp;&amp;!a.document.body)d=new r(-1,-1);else{var e=(a||window).document,f=&quot;CSS1Compat&quot;==e.compatMode?e.documentElement:e.body;d=(new r(f.clientWidth,f.clientHeight)).round()}c=d}catch(g){c=new r(-12245933,-12245933)}return mb(c)}c=q.document.getElementsByTagName(&quot;SCRIPT&quot;);return 0<c.length&amp;&amp;(c=c[c.length-1],c.parentElement&amp;&amp;c.parentElement.id&amp;&amp;0<c.parentElement.id.indexOf(&quot;_ad_container&quot;))?mb(void 0,c.parentElement):null},mb=function(a,b){var c=ob(&quot;IMG&quot;,a,b);return c||(c=ob(&quot;IFRAME&quot;,a,b))?c:(c=ob(&quot;OBJECT&quot;,a,b))?c:null},ob=function(a,b,c){var d=document;c=c||d;d=a&amp;&amp;&quot;*&quot;!=a?a.toUpperCase():&quot;&quot;;c=c.querySelectorAll&amp;&amp;c.querySelector&amp;&amp;d?c.querySelectorAll(d+&quot;&quot;):c.getElementsByTagName(d||&quot;*&quot;);for(d=0;d<c.length;d++){var e=c[d];if(&quot;OBJECT&quot;==a)a:{var f=e.getAttribute(&quot;height&quot;);if(null!=f&amp;&amp;0<f&amp;&amp;0==e.clientHeight)for(var f=e.children,g=0;g<f.length;g++){var l=f[g];if(&quot;OBJECT&quot;==l.nodeName||&quot;EMBED&quot;==l.nodeName){e=l;break a}}}f=e.clientHeight;g=e.clientWidth;if(l=b)l=new r(g,f),l=Math.abs(b.width-l.width)<.1*b.width&amp;&amp;Math.abs(b.height-l.height)<.1*b.height;if(l||!b&amp;&amp;10<f&amp;&amp;10<g)return e}return null};var S=0,pb=&quot;&quot;,qb=[],T=!1,U=!1,V=!1,rb=!0,sb=!1,tb=!1,ub=!1,vb=!1,wb=!1,xb=!1,zb=!1,Ab=0,Bb=0,W=0,Cb=[],M=null,Db=&quot;&quot;,Eb=[],Fb=null,Gb=[],Hb=!1,Ib=&quot;&quot;,Jb=&quot;&quot;,Kb=(new Date).getTime(),Lb=!1,Mb=&quot;&quot;,Nb=!1,Ob=[&quot;1&quot;,&quot;0&quot;,&quot;3&quot;],X=0,Y=0,Pb=0,Qb=&quot;&quot;,Sb=function(a,b,c){T&amp;&amp;(rb||3!=(c||3)||ub)&amp;&amp;Rb(a,b,!0);if(V||U&amp;&amp;tb)Rb(a,b),U=V=!1},Tb=function(){var a=Fb;return a?2!=a():!0},Rb=function(a,b,c){if((b=b||Db)&amp;&amp;!Hb&amp;&amp;(2==Y||c)&amp;&amp;Tb()){for(var d=0;d<qb.length;++d){var e=Ub(qb[d],b,c),f=a;sb?Ya(e):t(f,e,void 0)}xb=!0;c?T=!1:Hb=!0}},Vb=function(a,b){var c=[];a&amp;&amp;c.push(&quot;avi=&quot;+a);b&amp;&amp;c.push(&quot;cid=&quot;+b);return c.length?&quot;\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/activeview?&quot;+c.join(&quot;&amp;&quot;):&quot;\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/activeview&quot;},Ub=function(a,b,c){c=c?&quot;osdim&quot;:V?&quot;osd2&quot;:&quot;osdtos&quot;;a=[a,-1<a.indexOf(&quot;?&quot;)?&quot;&amp;id=&quot;:&quot;?id=&quot;,c];&quot;osd2&quot;==c&amp;&amp;U&amp;&amp;tb&amp;&amp;a.push(&quot;&amp;ts=1&quot;);a.push(&quot;&amp;ti=1&quot;);a.push(&quot;&amp;&quot;,b);a.push(&quot;&amp;uc=&quot;+Pb);Lb?a.push(&quot;&amp;tgt=&quot;+Mb):a.push(&quot;&amp;tgt=nf&quot;);a.push(&quot;&amp;cl=&quot;+(Nb?1:0));zb&amp;&amp;(a.push(&quot;&amp;lop=1&quot;),b=m()-Ab,a.push(&quot;&amp;tslp=&quot;+b));b=a.join(&quot;&quot;);for(a=0;a<Eb.length;a++){try{var d=Eb[a]()}catch(e){}c=&quot;max_length&quot;;2<=d.length&amp;&amp;(3==d.length&amp;&amp;(c=d[2]),b=ca(b,encodeURIComponent(d[0]),encodeURIComponent(d[1]),c))}2E3<b.length&amp;&amp;(b=b.substring(0,2E3));return b},Z=function(a){if(Ib){try{var b=ca(Ib,&quot;vi&quot;,a);Pa()&amp;&amp;t(E.contentWindow,b,void 0)}catch(c){}0<=ra(Ob,a)&amp;&amp;(Ib=&quot;&quot;)}},Wb=function(){Z(&quot;-1&quot;)},Yb=function(a){if(a&amp;&amp;a.data&amp;&amp;k(a.data)){var b;var c=a.data;if(k(c)){b={};for(var c=c.split(&quot;\\n&quot;),d=0;d<c.length;d++){var e=c[d].indexOf(&quot;=&quot;);if(!(0>=e)){var f=Number(c[d].substr(0,e)),e=c[d].substr(e+1);switch(f){case 5:case 8:case 11:case 15:case 16:case 18:e=&quot;true&quot;==e;break;case 4:case 7:case 6:case 14:case 20:case 21:case 22:case 23:e=Number(e);break;case 3:case 19:if(&quot;function&quot;==aa(decodeURIComponent))try{e=decodeURIComponent(e)}catch(l){throw Error(&quot;Error: URI malformed: &quot;+e);}break;case 17:e=ta(decodeURIComponent(e).split(&quot;,&quot;),Number)}b[f]=e}}b=b[0]?b:null}else b=null;if(b&amp;&amp;(c=new I(b[4],b[12]),M&amp;&amp;M.match(c))){for(c=0;c<Gb.length;c++)Gb[c](b);void 0!=b[18]&amp;&amp;(ub=b[18],ub||2!=W||(W=3,Xb()));c=b[0];if(&quot;goog_acknowledge_monitoring&quot;==c)q.clearInterval(O),X=2;else if(&quot;goog_get_mode&quot;==c){X=1;d={};M&amp;&amp;J(M,d);d[0]=&quot;goog_provide_mode&quot;;d[6]=Y;d[19]=Qb;d[16]=U;try{var g=N(d);a.source.postMessage(g,a.origin)}catch(l){}q.clearInterval(O);X=2}else&quot;goog_update_data&quot;==c?(Db=b[3],++Pb):&quot;goog_image_request&quot;==c&amp;&amp;(Sb(q,b[3]),b[5]||b[11]||Z(&quot;0&quot;));if(&quot;goog_update_data&quot;==c||&quot;goog_image_request&quot;==c)(1==Y||2==Y||T)&amp;&amp;b[5]&amp;&amp;(a=1==b[15]&amp;&amp;&quot;goog_update_data&quot;==c,tb=!0,Z(&quot;1&quot;),Jb&amp;&amp;Tb()&amp;&amp;(g=Jb,Pa()&amp;&amp;t(E.contentWindow,g,void 0),Jb=&quot;&quot;),T&amp;&amp;!a&amp;&amp;(Rb(q,void 0,!0),wb=!0,Bb=m()),3==W&amp;&amp;(W=4,Xb()),T||1!=Y||(Hb=!0)),(1==Y||2==Y||T)&amp;&amp;b[11]&amp;&amp;(U=!1,Z(&quot;3&quot;),T&amp;&amp;(Rb(q,void 0,!0),1==W&amp;&amp;ub&amp;&amp;(W=2)))}}},Xb=function(){var a=q,b=W;0!=b&amp;&amp;1!=b&amp;&amp;Zb(a,&quot;osdim&quot;,&quot;zas=&quot;+b)},Zb=function(a,b,c){var d=[];pb&amp;&amp;d.push(&quot;avi=&quot;+pb);d.push(&quot;id=&quot;+b);d.push(&quot;ovr_value=&quot;+S);zb&amp;&amp;d.push(&quot;lop=1&quot;);M&amp;&amp;(d=d.concat(bb()));d.push(&quot;tt=&quot;+((new Date).getTime()-Kb));d.push(c);a.document&amp;&amp;a.document.referrer&amp;&amp;d.push(&quot;ref=&quot;+encodeURIComponent(a.document.referrer));try{t(a,&quot;\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/gen_204?&quot;+d.join(&quot;&amp;&quot;),void 0)}catch(e){}},$b=function(){Sb(q);Z(&quot;0&quot;);2>X&amp;&amp;!U&amp;&amp;2==Y&amp;&amp;Zb(q,&quot;osd2&quot;,&quot;hs=&quot;+X)},ac=function(){var a={};J(M,a);a[0]=&quot;goog_dom_content_loaded&quot;;var b=N(a);try{ab(function(){fb(b)},10,&quot;osd_listener::ldcl_int&quot;)}catch(c){}},bc=function(){var a={};J(M,a);a[0]=&quot;goog_creative_loaded&quot;;var b=N(a);ab(function(){fb(b)},10,&quot;osd_listener::lcel_int&quot;);Nb=!0},cc=function(a){if(k(a)){a=a.split(&quot;&amp;&quot;);for(var b=a.length-1;0<=b;b--){var c=a[b],d=Za;c==d.m?(rb=!1,a.splice(b,1)):c==d.i?(W=1,a.splice(b,1)):c==d.l?(U=!1,a.splice(b,1)):c==d.j?(sb=!0,a.splice(b,1)):c==d.h&amp;&amp;(vb=!0,a.splice(b,1))}Qb=a.join(&quot;&amp;&quot;)}},dc=function(){if(!Lb){var a=nb();a&amp;&amp;(Lb=!0,Mb=a.tagName,a.complete||a.naturalWidth?bc():H(a,&quot;load&quot;,bc,&quot;osd_listener::creative_load&quot;))}};n(&quot;osdlfm&quot;,F(&quot;osd_listener::init&quot;,function(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,l,p){S=a;Ib=b;Jb=d;T=f;g&amp;&amp;cc(g);U=f;1==l?Cb.push(947190538):2==l?Cb.push(947190541):3==l&amp;&amp;Cb.push(947190542);M=new I(e,da());H(q,&quot;load&quot;,Wb,&quot;osd_listener::load&quot;);H(q,&quot;message&quot;,Yb,&quot;osd_listener::message&quot;);pb=c||&quot;&quot;;qb=[Vb(c,p)];H(q,&quot;unload&quot;,$b,&quot;osd_listener::unload&quot;);var w=q.document;!w.readyState||&quot;complete&quot;!=w.readyState&amp;&amp;&quot;loaded&quot;!=w.readyState?!za()||0<=qa(Ba(),11)?H(w,&quot;DOMContentLoaded&quot;,ac,&quot;osd_listener::dcl&quot;):H(w,&quot;readystatechange&quot;,function(){&quot;complete&quot;!=w.readyState&amp;&amp;&quot;loaded&quot;!=w.readyState||ac()},&quot;osd_listener::rsc&quot;):ac();-1==S?Y=f?3:1:-2==S?Y=3:0<S&amp;&amp;(Y=2,V=!0);U&amp;&amp;!V&amp;&amp;-1==S&amp;&amp;(Y=2);M&amp;&amp;(M.b||M.a)&amp;&amp;(X=1,O=q.setInterval(u(&quot;osd_proto::reqm_int&quot;,ba(eb,Y,M,U,Cb,Qb,vb)),500));ab(dc,5,&quot;osd_listener:sfc&quot;)}));n(&quot;osdlac&quot;,F(&quot;osd_listener::lac_ex&quot;,function(a){Eb.push(a)}));n(&quot;osdlamrc&quot;,F(&quot;osd_listener::lamrc_ex&quot;,function(a){Gb.push(a)}));n(&quot;osdsir&quot;,u(&quot;osd_listener::sir_ex&quot;,Sb));n(&quot;osdacrc&quot;,F(&quot;osd_listener::acrc_ex&quot;,function(a){Fb=a}));n(&quot;osdpcls&quot;,F(&quot;osd_listener::acrc_ex&quot;,function(a){if(!a||q==q.top||Hb||xb&amp;&amp;!wb)return!1;zb=!0;a=0==a.lastIndexOf(&quot;\/\/&quot;,0)?a:Vb(a);if(wb){var b=Ub(a,Db,!0),c=m()-Bb,b=Sa(b,&quot;tsvp&quot;,c),c=q;sb?Ya(b):t(c,b,void 0)}qb.push(a);Ab=m();return!0}));}).call(this);osdlfm(-1,'','BV6f5AEAEV-CKAtL3-QOe1oD4AwAAAAAQATgByAEJwAIC4AIA4AQBoAYf','',3792996723,true,'la\\u003d0\\u0026',3,'5Gj8qa-YL19fezXq3utSe68nJI4','');\n\/\/ ]]><\/script><noscript class=\"&quot;MOAT-nytdfp348531439194?moatClientLevel1=31002518&amp;amp;moatClientLevel2=372399398&amp;amp;moatClientLevel3=67628918&amp;amp;moatClientLevel4=104522178278&amp;amp;moatClientSlicer1=28390358&amp;amp;moatClientSlicer2=28670558&amp;amp;zMoatPR=nyt&amp;amp;zMoatHT=77&amp;amp;zMoatWD=300&amp;amp;zMoatTP=art&quot;\"><\/noscript><script src=\"&quot;https:\/\/z.moatads.com\/nytdfp348531439194\/moatad.js#moatClientLevel1=31002518&amp;moatClientLevel2=372399398&amp;moatClientLevel3=67628918&amp;moatClientLevel4=104522178278&amp;moatClientSlicer1=28390358&amp;moatClientSlicer2=28670558&amp;zMoatPR=nyt&amp;zMoatHT=77&amp;zMoatWD=300&amp;zMoatTP=art&quot;\" type=\"&quot;text\/javascript&quot;\"><\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Claire Martin The Wyoming soil, iced over for eight months of the year, is not particularly hospitable to heirloom tomatoes, baby basil or lettuce plants. Instead, vegetables are trucked in from California, Mexico and other more fecund parts of &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>Ski town greenhouse takes local produce to another level - from the New York Times - CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ski town greenhouse takes local produce to another level - from the New York Times - CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Claire Martin The Wyoming soil, iced over for eight months of the year, is not particularly hospitable to heirloom tomatoes, baby basil or lettuce plants. Instead, vegetables are trucked in from California, Mexico and other more fecund parts of &hellip; Continue reading &rarr;\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-04-06T16:09:11+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/27PROTO1-master675.jpg\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"675\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"453\" \/>\r\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Office of Public Affairs\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Office of Public Affairs\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Office of Public Affairs\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/abce383c670223ef4f55f3f21f102e76\"},\"headline\":\"Ski town greenhouse takes local produce to another level &#8211; from the New York Times\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-04-06T16:09:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/\"},\"wordCount\":1185,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/27PROTO1-master675.jpg\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/\",\"name\":\"Ski town greenhouse takes local produce to another level - from the New York Times - CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/27PROTO1-master675.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-04-06T16:09:11+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/27PROTO1-master675.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/27PROTO1-master675.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Ski town greenhouse takes local produce to another level &#8211; from the New York Times\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/\",\"name\":\"CDFA's Planting Seeds Blog\",\"description\":\"Making California a better place to live because of what we grow and how we grow it.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#organization\",\"name\":\"CDFA's Planting Seeds Blog\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/CDFA-logo-horizontal-hi-res-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/CDFA-logo-horizontal-hi-res-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":585,\"caption\":\"CDFA's Planting Seeds Blog\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/abce383c670223ef4f55f3f21f102e76\",\"name\":\"Office of Public Affairs\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/author\/publicaffairs\/\"}]}<\/script>\r\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ski town greenhouse takes local produce to another level - from the New York Times - CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ski town greenhouse takes local produce to another level - from the New York Times - CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog","og_description":"By Claire Martin The Wyoming soil, iced over for eight months of the year, is not particularly hospitable to heirloom tomatoes, baby basil or lettuce plants. Instead, vegetables are trucked in from California, Mexico and other more fecund parts of &hellip; Continue reading &rarr;","og_url":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/","og_site_name":"CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog","article_published_time":"2016-04-06T16:09:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":675,"height":453,"url":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/27PROTO1-master675.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Office of Public Affairs","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Office of Public Affairs","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/"},"author":{"name":"Office of Public Affairs","@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/abce383c670223ef4f55f3f21f102e76"},"headline":"Ski town greenhouse takes local produce to another level &#8211; from the New York Times","datePublished":"2016-04-06T16:09:11+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/"},"wordCount":1185,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/27PROTO1-master675.jpg","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/","url":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/","name":"Ski town greenhouse takes local produce to another level - from the New York Times - CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/27PROTO1-master675.jpg","datePublished":"2016-04-06T16:09:11+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/27PROTO1-master675.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/27PROTO1-master675.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/06\/ski-town-greenhouse-takes-local-produce-to-another-level-from-the-new-york-times\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Ski town greenhouse takes local produce to another level &#8211; from the New York Times"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#website","url":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/","name":"CDFA's Planting Seeds Blog","description":"Making California a better place to live because of what we grow and how we grow it.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#organization","name":"CDFA's Planting Seeds Blog","url":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/CDFA-logo-horizontal-hi-res-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/CDFA-logo-horizontal-hi-res-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":585,"caption":"CDFA's Planting Seeds Blog"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/abce383c670223ef4f55f3f21f102e76","name":"Office of Public Affairs","url":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/author\/publicaffairs\/"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2eYDv-2LI","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10646"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10654,"href":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10646\/revisions\/10654"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}