{"id":10716,"date":"2016-04-20T08:25:57","date_gmt":"2016-04-20T15:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/?p=10716"},"modified":"2019-08-05T12:48:19","modified_gmt":"2019-08-05T19:48:19","slug":"farms-that-grow-groundwater-from-the-public-policy-institute-of-california-ppic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/20\/farms-that-grow-groundwater-from-the-public-policy-institute-of-california-ppic\/","title":{"rendered":"Farms that Grow Groundwater &#8211; from the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/KernWaterBank.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"135\" src=\"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/KernWaterBank-300x135.jpg\" alt=\"Kern Water Bank\" class=\"wp-image-10717\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/KernWaterBank-300x135.jpg 300w, https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/KernWaterBank.jpg 682w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>By Lori Pottinger<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Farmers use the lion\u2019s share of California\u2019s groundwater, but they also do the most to rebuild depleted reserves of this critically important water source. We talked to <a href=\"https:\/\/watershed.ucdavis.edu\/people\/graham-e-fogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Graham Fogg<\/a>\u2014a groundwater expert at UC Davis and a member of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ppic.org\/water\/staffexperts.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PPIC Water Policy Center research network<\/a>\u2014about farmland groundwater recharge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PPIC: How do farms recharge groundwater?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Graham Fogg: Crops don\u2019t use all the water they get through irrigation\u2014a lot seeps into underlying groundwater. Farms also move water from place to place through leaky ditches. The type of irrigation can affect the amount of recharge. For example, with flood irrigation a large fraction can end up back in the aquifer\u2014commonly as much as a third or more. With <a href=\"http:\/\/extension.uga.edu\/publications\/detail.cfm?number=B882#Micro%20Irrigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">micro-irrigation<\/a>, a larger fraction of applied water is taken up by plants, and less ends up recharging groundwater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many farmers have adopted micro-irrigation technology. Farmers prefer groundwater when using drip systems because it\u2019s free of sediment that can clog emitters, and groundwater is available whenever the farmer needs to run the system, sometimes multiple times a week. The result is that drip-irrigated farms may pump more groundwater\u2014and they\u2019re not recharging the aquifer as much. It\u2019s an unintended consequence of more efficient irrigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PPIC: Are farmers being encouraged to recharge groundwater?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GF: The drought has helped many farmers realize the importance of better groundwater management, and some are figuring out how they can do more recharging on their land. The <a href=\"http:\/\/groundwater.ca.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act<\/a> will require better management and balanced water budgets in each basin. This can be achieved with decreased groundwater pumping or increased recharge. In essence, we need to start managing groundwater systems in ways that are similar to surface storage reservoirs and use recharge as a hedge against future drought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If we continue to rely on irrigation for most of our recharge, it raises questions about groundwater quality. Water that goes through farmland is more likely than non-farm recharge to be tainted with salts, nitrates, and some pesticides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PPIC: What practices can improve California\u2019s groundwater supplies?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GF: We need to do a variety of things to <a href=\"http:\/\/dahlke.ucdavis.edu\/research\/groundwater-banking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bank groundwater<\/a> or face the prospect of having to reduce pumping in dry years and in depleted basins. One solution with high potential is &#8220;spreading basins.\u201d These are flat places with the right soils and geological conditions for ponding water so it can infiltrate the aquifer. We need to map these surface and subsurface features and take steps to protect them for recharge purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Central Valley is not only home to some of our most over-tapped groundwater basins, but also to lands with good potential for fast infiltration. One promising approach is routing excess winter runoff onto farmlands, where irrigation infrastructure can be used to spread the water and recharge groundwater. This practice is gaining much interest from farmers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We also can <a href=\"http:\/\/scienceforconservation.org\/downloads\/groundwater_and_stream_interaction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">manage rivers to encourage recharge<\/a>, bringing benefits to entire basins. Rivers can recharge groundwater with seepage through their beds. And when rivers overflow their banks, water spreads across the floodplain. Two approaches with high potential to improve groundwater conditions are moving levees back to reconnect rivers with their floodplains, and managing groundwater and surface water as an integrated system. When groundwater systems fill to the point of spilling over, rivers and wetlands stay wet, and there\u2019s a natural exits for groundwater contaminants. Without such exits, these basins will become increasingly polluted over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ppic.org\/main\/blog_detail.asp?i=2021&amp;utm_source=The+PPIC+Blog&amp;utm_campaign=04682e460b-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_Water&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_1d97666088-04682e460b-204295197\">Link to PPIC blog post<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Lori Pottinger Farmers use the lion\u2019s share of California\u2019s groundwater, but they also do the most to rebuild depleted reserves of this critically important water source. We talked to Graham Fogg\u2014a groundwater expert at UC Davis and a member &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/20\/farms-that-grow-groundwater-from-the-public-policy-institute-of-california-ppic\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>Farms that Grow Groundwater - from the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) - CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/04\/20\/farms-that-grow-groundwater-from-the-public-policy-institute-of-california-ppic\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Farms that Grow Groundwater - from the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) - CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Lori Pottinger Farmers use the lion\u2019s share of California\u2019s groundwater, but they also do the most to rebuild depleted reserves of this critically important water source. 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