{"id":10986,"date":"2016-06-01T09:09:23","date_gmt":"2016-06-01T16:09:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/?p=10986"},"modified":"2016-06-01T09:09:23","modified_gmt":"2016-06-01T16:09:23","slug":"from-the-usda-blog-california-farmers-count-every-drop-with-efficient-technlogies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/06\/01\/from-the-usda-blog-california-farmers-count-every-drop-with-efficient-technlogies\/","title":{"rendered":"From the USDA blog &#8211; California farmers count every drop with efficient technlogies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_10987\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Cherry-orchard.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10987\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10987\" src=\"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Cherry-orchard-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"A micro-sprinkler irrigation system in a cherry orchard in San Joaquin County\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Cherry-orchard-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Cherry-orchard.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-10987\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A micro-sprinkler irrigation system in a cherry orchard in San Joaquin County<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Despite <a href=\"https:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/2015\/09\/11\/el-nino-qna-091115\/\">hopes for a drenching from El Ni\u00f1o<\/a>, California farmers are <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov\/products\/expert_assessment\/sdohomeweb.png\">facing another drought year in 2016<\/a>. \u00a0Even after four years of the worst drought on record, California farm output was a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdfa.ca.gov\/statistics\/PDFs\/2015Report.pdf\">record $54 billion in 2015<\/a>, accounting for more than half of the nation\u2019s fresh produce. <a href=\"http:\/\/pacinst.org\/publication\/impacts-of-californias-ongoing-drought-agriculture\/\">Groundwater has helped compensate<\/a> for California\u2019s lack of rainfall, but <a href=\"http:\/\/www.water.ca.gov\/groundwater\/sgm\/cod.cfm\">groundwater overdraft<\/a> cannot be continued indefinitely.<\/p>\n<p>California farmers have responded to the drought by <a href=\"https:\/\/watershed.ucdavis.edu\/droughtimpacts\">fallowing land<\/a>; switching to crops that yield higher value per unit of water; and switching irrigation technologies. \u00a0Almost all California cropland is irrigated, so continued improvements in irrigation efficiency are key to weathering this and future droughts.<span id=\"more-65048\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>There are <a href=\"http:\/\/ascelibrary.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1061\/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000538\">four main types of irrigation<\/a>: surface (flood and furrow); sprinkler; drip (including low-volume micro-sprinkler); and subsurface.\u00a0 Surface methods generally lose the most water to evaporation, and have been declining in popularity for several decades as <a href=\"http:\/\/aic.ucdavis.edu\/publications\/PPIC.pdf\">efficient drip systems take their place<\/a>. \u00a0The drought provides more urgency for this transition, and farmers interested in switching technologies can take advantage of grants from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdfa.ca.gov\/EnvironmentalStewardship\/SWEEP_Info.html\">SWEEP<\/a>, the state\u2019s State Water Efficiency Enhancement Program.<\/p>\n<p>However, even when using a high-efficiency system, a farmer needs to know how much water to apply in order to accurately meet crop demand. \u00a0A large percentage of California farmers make irrigation decisions based on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cimis.water.ca.gov\/\">CIMIS,<\/a> the (California Irrigation Management Information System). \u00a0CIMIS uses about 200 weather stations around the state to calculate \u201creference evapotranspiration\u201d: water lost from a well-watered grass field under current local conditions. Farmers then multiply this number by a \u201ccrop coefficient\u201d for a rough estimate of their actual water demand.<\/p>\n<p>Even better is to measure the actual evapotranspiration in an individual farm field \u2013 but, until recently, that required equipment that was too costly for most producers. \u00a0A new, cheaper sensor technology called surface renewal, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/research\/projects\/projects.htm?accn_no=425022\">developed jointly<\/a> by ARS and UC Davis, performs real-time evapotranspiration measurements on the spot. \u00a0Results so far from California fields show that surface renewal can provide a more detailed and accurate picture of crop water demand \u2013 potentially saving much-needed water for other uses.<\/p>\n<p>It is unknown when California\u2019s current drought will end, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/112\/13\/3931.abstract\">climate change will likely increase the risk of severe droughts in the future<\/a>. \u00a0Efficient irrigation technologies will become ever more important to help California maintain its role as the nation\u2019s number one agricultural producer.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.usda.gov\/2016\/05\/26\/california-farmers-count-every-drop-with-efficient-irrigation-technologies\/\">Link to blog<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Despite hopes for a drenching from El Ni\u00f1o, California farmers are facing another drought year in 2016. \u00a0Even after four years of the worst drought on record, California farm output was a record $54 billion in 2015, accounting for more &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/06\/01\/from-the-usda-blog-california-farmers-count-every-drop-with-efficient-technlogies\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>From the USDA blog - California farmers count every drop with efficient technlogies - CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2016\/06\/01\/from-the-usda-blog-california-farmers-count-every-drop-with-efficient-technlogies\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From the USDA blog - California farmers count every drop with efficient technlogies - CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Despite hopes for a drenching from El Ni\u00f1o, California farmers are facing another drought year in 2016. \u00a0Even after four years of the worst drought on record, California farm output was a record $54 billion in 2015, accounting for more &hellip; 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