{"id":16282,"date":"2018-10-24T08:32:51","date_gmt":"2018-10-24T15:32:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/?p=16282"},"modified":"2018-10-24T08:32:51","modified_gmt":"2018-10-24T15:32:51","slug":"new-study-shows-mushrooms-could-help-bees-from-mother-jones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2018\/10\/24\/new-study-shows-mushrooms-could-help-bees-from-mother-jones\/","title":{"rendered":"New study shows mushrooms could help bees – from Mother Jones"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

By Jackie Flynn Mogensen<\/strong><\/p>\n

Over the past decade, the honeybee story has been the stuff of science fiction. Back in 2006, beekeepers first noticed their honeybees were mysteriously dying off in huge numbers, with no clear cause. For some, a whopping\u00a030 to 90 percent<\/a>\u00a0of their\u00a0colonies were disappearing, especially on the East Coast. Worker bees were abandoning their queens and leaving hives full of honey. That first winter, beekeepers nationwide lost about\u00a0a third<\/a>\u00a0of their colonies. Since then, the numbers haven\u2019t improved.<\/p>\n

Researchers now call this ongoing phenomenon \u201ccolony collapse disorder,\u201d but scientists still haven\u2019t identified a singular cause. They say it\u2019s a combination of factors: pollution, habitat loss, herbicides, and viruses, though some experts believe\u00a0viruses<\/a>\u00a0may be the<\/a>\u00a0primary driver<\/a>. For instance, \u201cdeformed wing virus<\/a>,\u201d which causes bees to develop disfigured, nonfunctional wings, can be nasty, and, like other viruses, is transferred to bees by parasitic mites. Until now, scientists haven\u2019t developed any antiviral treatments to protect the bees.<\/p>\n

But in a landmark study\u00a0published (October 4)<\/a> in the\u00a0Nature\u00a0<\/em>journal\u00a0Scientific Reports<\/em>, researchers revealed they\u2019ve discovered the first-ever \u201cvaccine\u201d for bees, procured from an unexpected source: mushrooms. Specifically, it\u2019s mycelia\u2014cobweb-like fungal membranes found in and on soil\u2014from two species, \u201ctinder fungus\u201d and Red Reishi mushrooms.<\/p>\n

\u201cUp until this discovery, there were no antivirals reducing viruses in bees,\u201d Paul Stamets, the lead author on the study, tells\u00a0Mother Jones<\/em>. \u201cNot only is this the first discovery, but these extracts are incredibly potent.\u201d Stamets is a Washington-based mycologist and author whose work includes books\u00a0Mycelium Running: How Mushrooms Can Help Save The World<\/em>,\u00a0Growing Gourmet<\/em>\u00a0and Medicinal Mushrooms<\/em>, and\u00a0Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World<\/em>. Stamets also holds patents \u201cpertaining to the use of fungal extracts for antiviral activity and honeybee health,\u201d according to the study.<\/p>\n

This giant discovery actually has very humble origins. Decades before colony collapse hit the United States, Stamets says he had noticed bees in his own yard feeding off water droplets on the mushrooms that were growing on wood chips in his garden. They had pushed the wood chips aside to expose the mycelium. At the time, he thought they might be getting sugars from the fungi, and it wasn\u2019t until about five years ago\u2014after researching the antiviral properties of fungi for humans\u2014that he made the connection to viruses affecting bees. \u201cI had this waking dream, \u2018I think I can save the bees,’\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

In collaboration with researchers from Washington State University, Stamets decided to conduct a two-part study to test his theory that fungi could treat the viruses in honeybees. First, in a controlled, caged experiment, he and his team added small amounts of mushroom extract, or \u201cmycelial broth,\u201d to the bees\u2019 food (sugar water) at varying concentrations and measured how it affected their health. Then, they tested the best-performing extracts in the field.<\/p>\n

The extracts worked better than Stamets ever imagined.<\/p>\n

The team\u00a0measured the virus levels in 50 bees from 30 different field colonies and found the bee colonies that consumed the mycelium extracts saw up to a 79-fold decrease in deformed wing virus after 12 days and up to a 45,000-fold reduction in Lake Sinai virus (another virus\u00a0linked<\/a>\u00a0to colony collapse) compared to the bees that only ate sugar water.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe went out of the laboratory, into the field\u2014real-life field tests,\u201d says Stamets. \u201cAnd we saw enormous benefit to the bees.\u201d<\/p>\n

So what\u2019s going on here? Stamets says the operating hypothesis is this: \u201cThese aren\u2019t really antiviral drugs. We think they are supporting the immune system to allow natural immunity to be strong enough to reduce the viruses.\u201d More research, he says, is needed to fully understand how the fungi are working.<\/p>\n

Diana Cox-Foster, a research leader and entomologist at the USDA\u2019s Pollinating Insects Research Unit in Utah who was not involved in the study, tells\u00a0Mother Jones<\/em>\u00a0the research looked \u201cpromising\u201d and adds that it could have ramifications for\u00a0other pollinators<\/a>, like bumblebees. \u201cThese viruses are widely shared,\u201d she says. \u201cIf we could knock down viruses in honeybee colonies, it could lead to greater health in other pollinators.\u201d<\/p>\n

The paper provides \u201cvaluable new data,\u201d\u00a0Erik Tihelka<\/a>, a insect researcher Hartpury College in the UK, tells\u00a0Mother Jones<\/em>\u00a0in an email. But it may only help solve part of the problem. \u201cThe health challenges honeybees are facing are multifactorial and interacting,\u201d he says, \u201cranging from loss of the flowering plots for nutrition, use of pesticides in agriculture, a complex of parasites and pathogens, and other stressors.\u201d<\/p>\n

The results could be particularly impactful for farmers. Some crops are\u00a0almost entirely<\/a>\u00a0dependent on honeybee pollination for survival, including blueberries, avocados, onions, broccoli, carrots, and cantaloupe. Almonds are 100 percent dependent on honeybees. California farmers currently\u00a0rent bee colonies<\/a>\u00a0from out of state to pollinate their trees in spring.<\/p>\n

On a planet where about\u00a0one third<\/a>\u00a0of all our crops rely on pollinators, losing bees could be disastrous. \u201cA loss of bees is like rivets in an airplane,\u201d says Stamets. \u201cIf we lose the bees, it is a critical rivet in an airplane that can lead to catastrophic failure.\u201d<\/p>\n

Link to story<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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