{"id":16452,"date":"2018-11-01T08:50:21","date_gmt":"2018-11-01T15:50:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/?p=16452"},"modified":"2018-11-01T08:58:11","modified_gmt":"2018-11-01T15:58:11","slug":"scientists-push-for-a-crash-program-to-scrub-carbon-from-air-from-the-new-york-times","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2018\/11\/01\/scientists-push-for-a-crash-program-to-scrub-carbon-from-air-from-the-new-york-times\/","title":{"rendered":"Scientists push for a crash program to scrub carbon from air &#8211; from the New York Times"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_16453\" style=\"width: 376px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16453\" class=\" wp-image-16453\" src=\"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/25CLI-CARBON1-jumbo-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"366\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/25CLI-CARBON1-jumbo-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/25CLI-CARBON1-jumbo-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/25CLI-CARBON1-jumbo.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-16453\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Photo from the New York Times<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>By Brad Plumer<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"StoryBodyCompanionColumn css-p1yi70\">\n<div class=\"css-4w7y5l\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">With time running out to avoid dangerous global warming, the nation\u2019s leading scientific body\u00a0 urged the federal government to begin a research program focused on developing technologies that can remove vast quantities of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere in order to help slow climate change.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">The 369-page\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/25259\/negative-emissions-technologies-and-reliable-sequestration-a-research-agenda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report, written by a panel of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine<\/a>, underscores an important shift. For decades, experts said that nations could prevent large temperature increases mainly by reducing reliance on fossil fuels and moving to cleaner sources like solar, wind and nuclear power.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">But at this point, nations\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/10\/07\/climate\/ipcc-climate-report-2040.html?module=inline\">have delayed so long in cutting their carbon dioxide emissions<\/a>\u00a0that even a breakneck shift toward clean energy would most likely not be enough. According to a\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/sr15\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">landmark scientific report\u00a0<\/a>issued by the United Nations this month,\u00a0taking\u00a0out a big chunk of the carbon dioxide already loaded into the atmosphere may be necessary to avoid significant further warming,\u00a0even though researchers haven\u2019t yet figured out how to do so economically, or at sufficient scale.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">And we\u2019ll have to do it fast. To meet the climate goals laid out under the Paris Agreement, humanity may have to start removing around 10 billion tons of carbon dioxide from the air each year by midcentury, in addition to reducing industrial emissions, said Stephen W. Pacala, a Princeton climate scientist who led the panel. That\u2019s nearly as much carbon as all the world\u2019s forests and soils currently absorb each year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-13jtjmc\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"story-ad-1-wrapper\" class=\"ResponsiveAd-storyBodyAd--35v2w\">\n<div id=\"story-ad-1-slug\" class=\"ResponsiveAd-adSlug--3H3QM\">\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">\u201cMidcentury is not very far away,\u201d Dr. Pacala said. \u201cTo develop the technologies and scale up to 10 billion tons a year is a frightful endeavor, something that would really require a lot of activity. So the time would have to be now.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">The panel\u2019s members conceded that the Trump administration may not find the climate change argument all that compelling, since the president\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/01\/climate\/us-paris-accord-what-happens-next.html?module=inline\">has disavowed the Paris Agreement<\/a>. But, Dr. Pacala said, it\u2019s quite likely that other countries will be interested in carbon removal. The United States could take a leading role in developing technologies that could one day be worth many billions of dollars.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">Right now, there are plenty of ideas for carbon removal kicking around. Countries could plant more trees that pull carbon dioxide out of the air and lock it in their wood. Farmers could adopt techniques, such as\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/03\/10\/science\/farmers-put-down-the-plow-for-more-productive-soil.html?module=inline\">no-till agriculture<\/a>, that would keep more carbon trapped in the soil. A few companies are building\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2018\/06\/cost-plunges-capturing-carbon-dioxide-air\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cdirect air capture\u201d plants<\/a>\u00a0that use chemical agents to scrub trace amounts of carbon dioxide from the air, allowing them to sell the gas to industrial customers or bury it underground.<\/p>\n<p>But, the National Academies panel warned, many of these methods are still unproven or face serious limitations. There\u2019s only so much land available to plant new trees. Scientists are still unsure how much carbon can realistically be stored in agricultural soils. And direct air capture plants are still too expensive for mass deployment.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">In theory, it might be possible to collect wood or other plant matter that has absorbed carbon dioxide from the air, burn it in biomass power plants for energy and then capture the carbon released from combustion and bury it deep underground,\u00a0creating, in essence,\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/3\/11\/8190243\/carbon-negative-power-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a power plant that has negative emissions<\/a>. While no such facilities are operating commercially today, the technology to build them exists.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">But one potential problem with this approach, the National Academies panel said, is that the land required to grow biomass for these power plants could run into conflicts with the need for farmland for food. The panel estimated that this method might one day be able to remove 3 to 5 billion tons of carbon dioxide from the air each year,\u00a0but possibly much less, depending on land constraints.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">That\u2019s a far cry from the 10 to 20 billion tons of carbon dioxide we may need to pull out of the air by the end of the century in order to limit overall global warming to around 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), according to the recent United Nations report. That figure assumes nations manage to decarbonize their energy and industrial systems almost entirely by 2050.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">If nations fail to hold global warming below that 1.5 degree level, the United Nations report warned,\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2018\/10\/07\/climate\/ipcc-report-half-degree.html?module=inline\">tens of millions more people<\/a>\u00a0could be exposed to life-threatening heat waves and water shortages, and the world\u2019s coral reefs could disappear almost entirely.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">The National Academies panel recommended a dual strategy. The United States could set up programs to start testing and deploying carbon removal methods that look ready to go,\u00a0such as negative emissions biomass plants, new forest management techniques or carbon farming programs.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">At the same time, federal agencies would need to fund research into early-stage carbon removal techniques, to explore whether they may one day be ready for widespread use.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">For instance, scientists have long known that certain minerals, like peridotite, can bind with carbon dioxide in the air and essentially convert the gas into solid rock. Researchers in Oman\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2018\/04\/26\/climate\/oman-rocks.html?module=inline\">have been exploring the potential<\/a>\u00a0to use the country\u2019s vast mineral deposits for carbon removal, but there are still major questions about\u00a0whether this can be done feasibly on a large scale.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">In its report, the panel laid out a detailed research agenda that could ultimately cost billions of dollars. But given that carbon removal could \u201csolve a substantial fraction of the climate problem,\u201d the report said, those costs are modest. For comparison, the federal government spent $22 billion on renewable energy research between 1978 and 2013.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">Outside experts hailed the report as a sign that carbon removal is finally becoming central to the discussions around how to tackle climate change.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">\u201cWe\u2019re moving from the early stage of \u2018what is carbon removal?\u2019 to figuring out what specific steps can be taken to get these solutions at scale,\u201d said Noah Deich, executive director of the group Carbon180, which recently began an effort to bring researchers and companies together to help bring carbon removal technologies to the marketplace.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">The National Academies panel did, however, warn of one potential drawback of carbon removal research. It could create a \u201cmoral hazard,\u201d in which governments may feel less urgency to cut their own emissions if they think that giant carbon-scrubbing machines will soon save the day.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xl4flh e2kc3sl0\">To that end, the panel stressed that carbon removal, if developed, could only be a part of a larger global warming strategy. \u201cReducing emissions,\u201d the report noted, \u201cis vital to addressing the climate problem.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/10\/24\/climate\/global-warming-carbon-removal.html?utm_source=Agri-Pulse+Daily+Harvest+2018&amp;utm_campaign=64070481aa-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_10_25_09_33&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_6978e27d37-64070481aa-48791285\">Link to story<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Brad Plumer With time running out to avoid dangerous global warming, the nation\u2019s leading scientific body\u00a0 urged the federal government to begin a research program focused on developing technologies that can remove vast quantities of carbon dioxide out of &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2018\/11\/01\/scientists-push-for-a-crash-program-to-scrub-carbon-from-air-from-the-new-york-times\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>Scientists push for a crash program to scrub carbon from air - from the New York Times - CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2018\/11\/01\/scientists-push-for-a-crash-program-to-scrub-carbon-from-air-from-the-new-york-times\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scientists push for a crash program to scrub carbon from air - from the New York Times - CDFA&#039;s Planting Seeds Blog\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Brad Plumer With time running out to avoid dangerous global warming, the nation\u2019s leading scientific body\u00a0 urged the federal government to begin a research program focused on developing technologies that can remove vast quantities of carbon dioxide out of &hellip; 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