{"id":2412,"date":"2012-09-26T13:21:17","date_gmt":"2012-09-26T20:21:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/?p=2412"},"modified":"2012-09-26T13:30:03","modified_gmt":"2012-09-26T20:30:03","slug":"wasp-holds-promise-control-asian-citrus-psyllid-riverside-press-enterprise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2012\/09\/26\/wasp-holds-promise-control-asian-citrus-psyllid-riverside-press-enterprise\/","title":{"rendered":"Wasp holds promise for control of Asian citrus psyllid – From the Riverside Press-Enterprise"},"content":{"rendered":"

http:\/\/www.pe.com\/local-news\/riverside-county\/riverside\/riverside-headlines-index\/20120925-region-psyllid-killing-wasp-taking-hold.ece<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u00a0BY MARK MUCKENFUSS<\/p>\n

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mmuckenfuss@pe.com<\/a><\/p>\n

A tiny insect from Pakistan is finding a foothold in the Inland Empire \u2014 good news for anyone with an orange tree in their yard or a citrus grove to maintain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Tamarixia radiata is a wasp about half the size of a chocolate sprinkle. Innocuous to humans, it is a lethal threat to the Asian citrus psyllid. The psyllid is a feared pest in California because it can carry Huanglongbing, a disease that kills citrus and has devastated crops elsewhere in the United States and the world. California citrus is a $2 billion-per-year industry.<\/p>\n

A Huanglongbing-infected tree was discovered recently in Hacienda Heights, four years after the psyllid was first found in Southern California. The pest already is widespread in the region, and scientists believe more damaged trees will be identified. The disease blocks nutrient movement in the trees, leading to yellow leaves and fruit that remains green. No treatment has been found.<\/p>\n

UC Riverside researchers began releasing the parasitic Tamarixia wasp, one of the psyllid\u2019s few natural enemies, late last year. They have found three sites \u2014 two in Fontana, one in San Bernardino \u2014 where the wasp has attacked psyllid larvae, killing them.<\/p>\n

Mark Hoddle is a biological control specialist at UCR and is in charge of the field work with the wasp. He and his wife, Christina, traveled to Pakistan several times over a two-year period to track down and identify the wasp, bring it back to Riverside and, after extensive quarantine studies, breed it for release. The wasp\u2019s sole prey is the psyllid.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019re trying to understand how big an impact this wasp is having on the Asian citrus psyllid,\u201d Hoddle said. \u201cIt\u2019s too early to make estimates, but (the finds are) encouraging.\u201d<\/p>\n

John Gardner, agricultural commissioner for San Bernardino County, said he was pleased to hear about the finds.<\/p>\n

\u201cI didn\u2019t know they\u2019d done the releases in my county,\u201d Gardner said. \u201cIt\u2019s a nice surprise. Anytime you can get a parasite like this established and it shows signs of it being able to reproduce, that\u2019s a real good sign.\u201d<\/p>\n

Gardner said the finds would not affect the quarantine restrictions, which currently include all of Los Angeles, Orange and Imperial counties and portions of San Bernardino, Riverside and San Diego counties.<\/p>\n

But a growing population of Tamarixia \u201cwill go a long way towards preventing any disease transmission, which is where the real threat lies,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Hoddle and his team found the hollowed-out remains of Asian citrus psyllid larvae on the leaves of residential citrus trees \u2014 the wasp larvae eat the psyllid larvae from inside and leave the shell. In addition to the Fontana and San Bernardino sites, the team has found similar evidence in Pomona, Azusa and Pico Rivera.<\/p>\n

\u201cAt our Pico Rivera site,\u201d Hoddle said, \u201cnot only did we find it at the release site, but 0.2 miles away.\u201d<\/p>\n

It\u2019s a short distance for humans, but a huge expanse for the tiny wasp.<\/p>\n

\u201cFor it to have spread that far on its own suggests two possibilities,\u201d Hoddle said. \u201cThe first is that the wind blew it down that far, or that it\u2019s leapfrogging through backyards, which is what we\u2019d like to see.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hoddle has two worries about the wasps. The first is whether the insect can endure the Southern California winter and pick up its work again in the spring, as Hoddle believes they will. The second is the ants.<\/p>\n

Argentine ants, themselves an invasive species, have been discovered farming the sugary waste the larval psyllid nymphs produce. They\u2019ve also been seen going after the Tamarixia wasps when they show up and try to lay their eggs on the nymphs.<\/p>\n

Hoddle said he observed an ant actually snatch a wasp out of the air.<\/p>\n

\u201cI saw one catch one just as it was taking off,\u201d he said. \u201cThey could be quite a problem for us.\u201d<\/p>\n

It also shows just how deep the invasive species problem goes in Southern California.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is one invasive species facilitating the establishment of another invasive species,\u201d he said. \u201cWe call this an invasive meltdown.\u201d<\/p>\n

Now, Hoddle and his team are looking for ways to control the ants. It\u2019s another step in what he knows will be a long process. And right now that process is focused on treating infested residential areas. Commercial groves are being treated with pesticide, which kills the psyllid as well as the wasps.<\/p>\n

Hitting residential areas with the wasp, Hoddle said, \u201cwill reduce the number of psyllids flying into the commercial zones.\u201d<\/p>\n

Eventually, he said, that could reduce or eliminated the need to spray pesticides.<\/p>\n

Even if the program turns out to be a success, he said, it will be a long journey.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is something that just doesn\u2019t happen overnight.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

http:\/\/www.pe.com\/local-news\/riverside-county\/riverside\/riverside-headlines-index\/20120925-region-psyllid-killing-wasp-taking-hold.ece \u00a0BY MARK MUCKENFUSS mmuckenfuss@pe.com A tiny insect from Pakistan is finding a foothold in the Inland Empire \u2014 good news for anyone with an orange tree in their yard or a citrus grove to maintain. Tamarixia radiata is a … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[32,116,1],"tags":[556,149,145,144],"class_list":["post-2412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-asian-citrus-psyllid","category-invasive-species-2","category-uncategorized","tag-asian-citrus-psyllid","tag-citrus","tag-citrus-greening","tag-huanglongbing"],"yoast_head":"\r\nWasp holds promise for control of Asian citrus psyllid - From the Riverside Press-Enterprise - CDFA's Planting Seeds Blog<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2012\/09\/26\/wasp-holds-promise-control-asian-citrus-psyllid-riverside-press-enterprise\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wasp holds promise for control of Asian citrus psyllid - From the Riverside Press-Enterprise - CDFA's Planting Seeds Blog\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"http:\/\/www.pe.com\/local-news\/riverside-county\/riverside\/riverside-headlines-index\/20120925-region-psyllid-killing-wasp-taking-hold.ece \u00a0BY MARK MUCKENFUSS mmuckenfuss@pe.com A tiny insect from Pakistan is finding a foothold in the Inland Empire \u2014 good news for anyone with an orange tree in their yard or a citrus grove to maintain. 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