{"id":26605,"date":"2023-09-15T08:49:37","date_gmt":"2023-09-15T15:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/?p=26605"},"modified":"2023-09-15T08:49:37","modified_gmt":"2023-09-15T15:49:37","slug":"soil-health-national-study-finds-cover-crops-reduced-tillage-boost-farmers-bottom-lines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plantingseedsblog.cdfa.ca.gov\/wordpress\/index.php\/2023\/09\/15\/soil-health-national-study-finds-cover-crops-reduced-tillage-boost-farmers-bottom-lines\/","title":{"rendered":"Soil health — national study finds cover crops, reduced tillage boost farmers’ bottom lines"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

From Agri-Pulse<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Steve Davies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A new study of 30 geographically diverse farms suggests growers who consistently employ soil health management practices such as cover crops and reduced tillage can spend less on inputs and make more money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The numbers generated by the study led by the Soil Health Institute and National Association of Conservation Districts are not trivial<\/a>: On average, soil health management systems, or SHMS, boosted net farm income by $65 per acre across 29 farms. One organic farm was not included in the average because its relatively high revenue from organic price premiums would have skewed the results. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYield increases due to SHMS were reported for 42% of farms growing corn, 32% of farms growing soybean, and 35% of farms growing other crops,\u201d the two organizations said. The groups collaborated with USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service in the study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 30 farms were located in 20 states: Three each in Iowa and Alabama, two in Delaware, Idaho, Indiana, Minnesota, Mississippi and South Carolina, and one in California, Colorado, Georgia, Michigan, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington and Wisconsin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other studies have detailed the benefits to farmers\u2019 bottom lines of managing for soil health, but the latest one is unusual because it includes farms from all over the U.S. planting a wide variety of crops and incorporates video narratives of the producers discussing their experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou don\u2019t need to be afraid of trying things,\u201d Minnesota producer Richard Cunningham said in one of those videos. Cunningham and his father, Ian, raise beef cattle and grow corn, soybeans and alfalfa on their land in the state’s Lower Big Sioux River Watershed. The operation has been in the family for 134 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhenever you can get more production with less input costs, whenever you can plant and timely harvest your crop, or better yet to have animals harvest the crop and spread the manure, that\u2019s money in the bank,\u201d Ian Cunningham says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact sheet accompanying the video says that on the Cunningham farm, \u201cmethods of reduced tillage have been applied for approximately 70 years with no-till soybean and strip-till corn production for 20 years. The farm has planted cover crops for 10 years.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe try to incorporate cover crops on our land at least once a year on every acre,\u201d Ian said. They also try to have the cattle graze cover crops annually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Cunninghams reduced their nitrogen costs for corn by about $22 an acre, applied less potassium and phosphorus, and they eliminated the use of a residual herbicide in a post-plant tank mix for corn. They also no longer had to use one herbicide in a pre-plant spray and one post-plant spray trip for soybeans. \u201cTotal reduced expenses were $55.94\/acre for corn and $56.58\/acre for soybean,\u201d the fact sheet says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe\u2019re using less fertilizer and consistently getting higher yields than other systems,\u201d Ian says in the video.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There have been other benefits \u2014 less soil compaction and better water infiltration, for example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen we look at our neighbors having difficulty getting equipment stuck [because of wet fields], we don\u2019t have those issues,\u201d Ian says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other farmers claim similar results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Average savings from implementing soil health management systems were $14 an acre for corn and $7 an acre for soybeans. The cost to grow all other crops went down by $16 an acre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SHI experts who worked on the study said it stands out because of the farms\u2019 locations, their crops, and the farmers\u2019 on-camera explanations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The individual stories are important, said SHI Chief of Staff Emily Bruner. \u201cIt\u2019s really helpful to have those kinds of individual stories, because every farm is different in their journey,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SHI\u2019s reports often aggregate data, she said, while the latest report offers testimonials from the farmers themselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe hear time and time again from farmers that one of the best ways that they were able to stick with something is that they found colleagues, neighbors, farmers, technical assistance right in their area,\u201d Bruner said. \u201cSo I think that’s a piece of this study that’s really, really interesting, of having that kind of narrative piece attached.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Besides corn and soybeans, farmers in the study grow canola, chickpea, cotton, dried bean, grain sorghum, millet, pea, peanut, rye, sunflower, walnut, and wheat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While there are long-standing concerns in dry regions of the country about cover crops, SHI ag economist Archie Flanders said the researchers found no areas where it wasn’t possible to carry out the practice. \u201cEven some of the drier areas, they were able to use cover crops,\u201d he said. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe issue that comes up [from farmers] is, it\u2019s too dry here, I don’t want to suck up all the moisture with a cover crop,\u201d Flanders said. He added, \u201cWe have farmers tell us that actually, cover crops would protect the limited soil moisture that they had.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the ability to grow cover crops is \u201ctotally on an individual case-by-case basis,\u201d Flanders said \u201cfarmers are able to figure it out when they can. So we can’t really say, it’s just not possible to do cover crops, it may not be possible to do every year, but in our work, it is demonstrated to be feasible in every geographical area.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cover crops are most commonly employed in states along the Atlantic seaboard, according to the 2017 Census of Agriculture. \u201cThe 11 states with cover crops as the highest share of cropland all border the Atlantic Ocean,\u201d according to a paper by two ag economists who examined that data: Maryland (29%), Delaware (20%), Connecticut (15%), New Jersey (14%), Virginia (13%), Rhode Island (13%); Pennsylvania (13%), Georgia (12%), Maine (12%), Massachusetts (10%), and North Carolina (10%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The six states with the smallest share are in the northern U.S., economists Carl Zulauf and Ben Brown said in their 2019 paper<\/a>. \u201cWith the exception of Alaska, (they) are associated with drier climates during the growing season: Montana (1%); Alaska (1%), Colorado (1%), South Dakota (1%), North Dakota (1%), and Wyoming (2%).\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Overall, the 2017 census showed that cover crop adoption had increased from 10.3 million acres in 2012 to 15.4 million acres in 2017, a nearly 50% jump.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Learn more about soil health at CDFA’s Healthy Soils Program web page<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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